It is used to treat diarrhea and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, although loperamide (which is available without a prescription for milder diarrhea), diphenoxylate, paregoric, or even laudanum are more frequently used to treat severe diarrhea. Some tentative evidence shows it can reduce a chronic cough in adults. In Europe, it is not recommended as a cough medicine in those under 12 years of age. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children. Cough Ĭodeine is used to relieve coughing. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lists age under 12 years old as a contraindication to use. The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend its use in children due to side effects. Weak evidence indicates that it is useful in cancer pain, but it may have increased adverse effects, especially constipation, compared to other opioids. It is commonly used to treat post-surgical dental pain. Ĭodeine is used to treat mild to moderate pain. Codeine occurs naturally and makes up about 2% of opium. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2013, about 361,000 kg (795,000 lb) of codeine were produced while 249,000 kg (549,000 lb) were used, which made it the most commonly taken opiate. Ĭodeine was discovered in 1832 by Pierre Jean Robiquet. Codeine works following being broken down by the liver into morphine how quickly this occurs depends on a person's genetics. Its use as of 2016 is not recommended in children. Care should be used during breastfeeding, as it may result in opiate toxicity in the baby. Whether its use in pregnancy is safe is unclear. Serious side effects may include breathing difficulties and addiction. Ĭommon side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness.

Codeine exhibits abuse potential similar to other opioid medications. Its effects last for about four to six hours.

It typically starts working after half an hour, with maximum effect at two hours. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children or adults. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.

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